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Assessment of hybrid geoids in Chile and Spain, combining GGM and GNSS/Leveling observations

This research presents the results for analyses done to five geopotential global models (GGM), comparing them with ground data from GNSS and leveling in heterogenic zones from the geodetic perspective, in Chile and Spain. While the official and complete implementation of the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) has not yet been established, the vertical geodetic system of many countries is not calculated on a global scale; instead, it is calculated by the variation of relative heights between one or more local tide gauges, such as in the case of Spain and Chile. This aspect creates regional and specific altimetry data, which disables the use of GGM to directly obtain the orthometric height of the vertical reference system (VRS) from the …

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