Volta

Geodetic methods to determine the relativistic redshift at the level of 10 $$^{-18}$$ - 18 in the context of international timescales: a review and practical results

The frequency stability and uncertainty of the latest generation of optical atomic clocks is now approaching the one part in $$10^{18}$$ 10 18 level. Comparisons between earthbound clocks at rest must account for the relativistic redshift of the clock frequencies, which is proportional to the corresponding gravity (gravitational plus centrifugal) potential difference. For contributions to international timescales, the relativistic redshift correction must be computed with respect to a conventional zero potential value in order to be consistent with the definition of Terrestrial Time. To benefit fully from the uncertainty of the optical clocks, the gravity potential must be determined with an accuracy of about $$0.1\,\hbox {m}^{2}\,\hbox {s}^{-2}$$ 0.1 m 2 s - 2 , equivalent to about 0.01 m in …

Reference & gravity metrics

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