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The triggered antioxidant response and corresponding metabolomics expression of Caenorhabditis elegans for chronic exposure to moxifloxacin and trace copper

(MOX-Cu) on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were investigated at physiological, biochemical, and molecular level. Although the stimulate effects were observed after prolonged exposure (72 h) to MOX (0.2-2.0 mg/L), the expressions of HSPs, ace genes, and daf-16 were inhibited, indicating its adverse impact on cellular health, locomotion behaviors, and antioxidant defense of C. elegans. Similarly, the down-regulation of oxidative stress (sod-1 and daf-16) and cell damage (HSPs) related genes and the up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes (cep-1 and ape-1) indicated the oxidative stress and genotoxicity after prolonged exposure to MOX-Cu. For the chronic exposure (10 days) to MOX, the level of ROS was reduced due to the increased expressions of daf-16, sod-3, and hsp-16, accompanied with and the down-regulation of cep-1. …

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