Volta

Emerging Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

CONTEXT: Atherosclerotic vascular disease is an enormous public health problem. A number of emerging risk factors for atherosclerosis have recently been proposed to help identify high-risk individuals. OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiological, basic science, and clinical trial evidence concerning 4 emerging risk factors: C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and homocysteine. DATA SOURCES: Using the terms atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, risk factors, prevention, screening, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and homocysteine, we searched the MEDLINE database from January 1990 to January 2003. Conference proceedings, abstract booklets, bibliographies of pertinent articles and books, and personal files were hand searched to identify additional articles. STUDY SELECTION: Original investigations and reviews of the epidemiology of atherosclerosis and the association of conventional and novel risk factors with vascular …

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