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Wastewater surveillance strategy as an early warning system for detecting cryptic spread of pandemic viruses

Infectious disease surveillance is a crucial part of public health and essential for detecting and stopping disease epidemics. Surveillance systems for infectious diseases are primarily event-based, meaning they are meant to identify increases in either the number of cases caused by the pathogen confirmed by laboratory testing or the number of cases where individuals present a specific constellation of symptoms (syndromic surveillance). Additionally, incorporating novel pathogens into current event-based monitoring networks is challenging. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is based on the idea that pathogens excreted in bodily fluids that enter the sewage system can be found, aiming for early detection of cases and outbreaks, especially when traditional epidemiological approaches are limited. The wastewater system is merely one component of the environment …

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