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Integrated Observations and Informatics Improve Understanding of Changing Marine Ecosystems

Marine ecosystems have numerous benefits for human societies around the world and many policy initiatives now seek to maintain the health of these ecosystems. To enable wise decisions, up to date and accurate information on marine species and the state of the environment they live in is required. Moreover, this information needs to be openly accessible to build indicators and conduct timely assessments that decision makers can use. The questions and problems being addressed demand global-scale investigations, transdisciplinary science, and mechanisms to integrate and distribute data that otherwise would appear to be disparate. Essential Ocean Variables and marine Essential Biodiversity Variables, conceptualized by the Global Ocean Observing System and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, respectively, guide observation of ocean. Additionally, …

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