Volta

Cardiorenal risk as a new frontier of nephrology: research needs and areas for intervention

Understanding and modifying the causes of the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with renal disease is the greatest challenge faced by renal physicians. About one person in 20 has a serum creatinine level above normal (> or =1.5 mg/dl in males and > or =1.4 mg/dl in females), signifying mild kidney disease. People with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and/or diabetes (approximately 350000 people per million in the general population) have the highest risk of renal failure. Anaemia, extracellular volume expansion, increased angiotensin II and aldosterone levels, high calcium-phosphate product, inflammation, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and impaired nitric oxide synthesis all amplify the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with renal failure. These factors may adversely affect the cardiovascular system by influencing the generation of …

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