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Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Approach to Pathogenesis and Treatment

The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing worldwide and are associated with poor outcomes. According to the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the prevalence of CKD among the USA population is 15.3% [1]. Although there is still some controversy whether CKD represents an independent causal risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), accumulating evidence over the last decade marks out CVD as the major cause of mortality in patients with mild to moderate CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [2, 3]. It becomes apparent that the severity of CKD along with CVD severity in any population makes a ‘devastated’ combination for both patients and healthcare systems. Approximately 50% of patients with ESRD die …

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