Volta

Culture-Based Assessment of Presumptive Resistant Bacterial Taxa in the Urban Danube River near Novi Sad: Environmental Associations Revealed by Machine Learning

Background/Objectives: Environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly driven by wastewater-impacted aquatic systems, yet the key factors controlling multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial distribution remain unclear. This study evaluated environmental factors associated with MDR bacteria in the urban Danube River (Novi Sad, Serbia) using a machine learning framework. Methods: Surface-water and wastewater samples were collected during summer and autumn 2024. Bacterial isolates were obtained through membrane filtration onto chromogenic media and identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Physicochemical parameters (including COD, BOD5, turbidity, pH, and temperature) were used as predictors in seven machine learning models (ANN, RF, SVM, XGB, MARS, TREE, NB). Model performance was assessed using AUC, accuracy, and error metrics. Results: Wastewater samples showed higher bacterial abundance and taxonomic richness than …

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