Volta

Evaluating the usefulness of existing environmental threshold concentrations (ETCs), with a focus on pharmaceuticals in surface water: a European perspective

Abstract Environmental Threshold Concentrations (ETCs), such as the Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) and European Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs), represent the concentration of a chemical in an environmental compartment at or below which no adverse effects are expected. While multiple ETCs may exist for a given substance across regulatory frameworks and scientific literature, selecting the most useful value can be challenging. Even when only one ETC exists, its usefulness must be evaluated. This paper addresses this challenge by providing a systematic and stepwise framework for selecting and interpreting ETCs, with a focus on human pharmaceuticals and European regulatory frameworks. However, the ideas behind this may be applied more broadly. The proposed approach begins by defining the context of the assessment …

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