Volta

Mean sea surface topography in the Baltic Sea and its transition area to the North Sea: A geodetic solution and comparisons with oceanographic models

A consistent height system designed for comparisons between geodesy and oceanography is presented for the Baltic Sea area. Mean sea surface topography is computed geodetically in this height system at 42 reliable long‐term sea level stations, connected by high‐precision levelings, along the coasts of the Baltic Sea, the Kattegat, the Skagerrak, and the adjacent part of the North Sea. Based on this, a map is drawn of the mean sea surface topography in the Baltic Sea and its transition area to the North Sea. The general agreement between our geodetic solution and recent oceanographic models turns out to be excellent; the discrepancies rarely exceed 2–3 cm. Hence the mean sea surface topography in the Baltic Sea area to a dominating …

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