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A Discovery and Replication Study of Dyslexia Does Not Reveal Reproducible Gray Matter Volume Differences

ABSTRACT Two decades of research have provided evidence for gray matter volume (GMV) differences in developmental dyslexia (or reading disability, RD) in the left perisylvian cortex. However, there are concerns about result inconsistencies, likely attributable to small sample sizes, lenient statistical thresholds, and insufficient accounting for demographic variables and global GMV. To address these concerns, we conducted a Discovery and Replication Study ( N = 262) using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development SM Study. We found GMV differences between the RD and Control Groups did not replicate across the Discovery and Replication Studies using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), and that a more conservative threshold yielded few results. We then conducted Reproducibility Studies and first …

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