Volta

Patterns of immune recovery in people living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy as late presenters

BACKGROUND: Some people living with HIV-1 (PWH) do not reconstitute their CD4 + T cell counts despite complete inhibition of HIV-1 replication on antiretroviral therapy (AR); these are known as immunological nonresponders (INR). This is a retrospective analysis to estimate the prevalence of INR in a hospital-based cohort of PWH who initiated ART with severe immunodeficiency and/or opportunistic infections. We also explored mechanisms of poor immune recovery, with emphasis on the gut microbiome. METHODS: All PWH included in this study achieved virologic suppression (plasma viral load < 200 copies of HIV-1/mL) six months after ART initiation and remained virally suppressed thereafter. INR and immunological responders (IR) were defined according to the CD4 + T cell counts after 24-months on ART …

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