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The predisposition to metabolic disorders associated with the gut microbiota begins during fetal development and persists throughout life

The tendency to develop metabolic disorders is increasingly seen as a result of complex biological processes that begin during intrauterine development. One key mechanism that influences an individual’s susceptibility to metabolic dysfunctions later in life is the formation of the gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that interacts with the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems of the body. This review summarizes existing data on how maternal health, mode of delivery, type of feeding, and early nutrition affect the initial colonization of the intestine and the subsequent development of the microbiome. Factors such as gestational diabetes, cesarean section, lack of breastfeeding, or early introduction of formulas have been shown to significantly alter the structure, diversity, and functional activity of microbial …

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