Volta

Microbial warfare against nematodes: A review of nematicidal compounds for horticulture, environment, and biotechnology

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a significant threat to global agriculture, with annual crop losses estimated at $157 billion. Although synthetic nematicides are effective, their extensive use raises concerns for environmental and human health, highlighting the need for safer, sustainable alternatives in horticulture and environmental biotechnology. This review delves into microbial strategies against PPNs, focusing on biocontrol agents (BCAs) such as bacteria and fungi that produce nematicidal compounds, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), secondary metabolites, toxins, and extracellular enzymes. These BCAs, often attracted by plant root exudates, interact within the rhizosphere to suppress nematodes, offering promising, eco-friendly control methods for sustainable agriculture. Advances in multi-omics techniques-proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics-have accelerated the discovery of novel nematicidal compounds, paving the way for …

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