Volta

Fermentation-based valorization of agro-industrial cereal wastes and by-products

Background Agro-industrial cereal processing generates large volumes of nutrient-rich by-products such as bran, husks, and spent grains that remain underutilized. These residues contain proteins, fibers, phenolics, and micronutrients that can be efficiently recovered through sustainable bioprocessing. Scope and approach This review synthesizes recent advances in fermentation-based valorization of cereal waste and by-products, focusing on solid-state and submerged systems involving bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. It uniquely integrates microbial fermentation strategies with sustainability and examines their compositional enhancement, bioactive compound release, and antinutrient reduction. It also highlights emerging developments such as AI- and ML-assisted fermentation process optimization, which aligns cereal waste valorization with SDGs and next-generation bioprocess design. Key findings and conclusions Fermentation enhances protein digestibility, phenolic bioaccessibility, and prebiotic oligosaccharide yield, …

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