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Precision to plate: AI-driven innovations in fermentation and hyper-personalized diets

The global food system faces unprecedented challenges, including climate-driven agricultural instability, rising malnutrition, and consumer demand for sustainable yet appealing products. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in addressing these challenges, enabling breakthroughs from microbial engineering to individualized dietary solutions. This review synthesizes advances in AI-driven precision fermentation-where CRISPR-based microbial optimization and reinforcement learning accelerate bioactive compound synthesis-and hyper-personalized nutrition, where predictive modeling tailors diets to genetic, metabolic, and cultural profiles. We highlight how AI decodes sensory attributes (e.g., flavor and texture) through deep learning and natural language processing, bridging gaps between lab-scale innovation and consumer acceptance. However, the adoption of these technologies raises critical ethical concerns, including data privacy risks from wearable health monitors and algorithmic …

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