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Designer probiotics and synbiotics: engineering the microbiome for precision health

The human gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating host health and disease, making it a key target for the development of targeted microbial therapies. This review focuses on designer probiotics and synbiotics, which are genetically engineered microorganisms used in combination with prebiotics to modulate the gut microbiota and support personalised health outcomes. Unlike conventional probiotics, these engineered strains are designed to perform specific metabolic or signalling functions, thereby enhancing colonisation efficiency and functional efficacy. The article summarises recent advancements in systems biology, synthetic biology, and omics technologies (including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) that facilitate the design and optimisation of next-generation microbial formulations. Their significance lies in enabling precision nutrition and the development of functional foods tailored to individual …

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