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Physiological and stomatal trait responses of Raphanus sativus cultivars under elevated CO2

Abstract Elevated atmospheric CO 2 (eCO 2 ) will reshape crop physiology, yet genotypic differences in responsiveness remain poorly resolved. We compared nine Raphanus sativus cultivars grown at 400, 800 and 1200 ppm CO 2 to quantify coordinated changes in leaf gas exchange, pigment composition and stomatal traits. Across cultivars, CO 2 enrichment significantly increased net assimilation ( P < 0.05) while stomatal conductance declined and intercellular CO 2 rose. Chlorophyll a and b increased with CO 2 , and zeaxanthin generally accumulated, whereas β -carotene changed only slightly, revealing cultivar-dependent reallocation within the photosynthetic pigment system. Stomatal density responded in a genotype-specific manner, increasing in several cultivars but remaining stable or decreasing in others, highlighting plasticity in epidermal patterning …

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