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From Function to Omics: Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Promotes Maize Growth by Activating Phytohormone Signaling Pathways under Elevated Carbon Dioxide

<title>Abstract</title> Background Several entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) species can colonize and establish symbiotic relationships with plants as endophytes, which affects crop growth under elevated carbon dioxide (eCO₂) concentrations. However, how EPF facilitates eCO ₂ in plants is poorly understood, especially at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Here, the authors used transcriptomics and metabolomics to examine the effects of a widely used EPF, <italic>Beauveria bassiana</italic> , on maize growth under eCO ₂ , and how it regulates enzyme activity and endogenous hormone metabolism. Results A significant increase in maize growth, as well as associated enzyme activity and hormones, under eCO ₂ , following <italic>B. bassiana</italic> colonization, was observed. Omics analyses indicated that these effects may be attributed to the activation of primary …

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